Spiegazione e commento dei "Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio" di Niccolò Machiavelli, a cura di Alessandro Mazzini. "[14] Before the taking of Rome by the Gauls, the executions of such famous Romans as "the sons of Brutus"[14] or "that of Maelius the grain dealer",[14] because they were "excessive and notable"[14] drew Romans back from any dangerous or tumultuous behavior. Chapter 30 says that truly powerful Republics and Princes buy friendships not with money, but with virtue and reputation of strength. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. 3. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio di Niccolo Machiavelli. Chapter three talks about how Rome had its rise to power through their ruining of surrounding cities, making Rome the primary power of the region. Recensioni; Strumenti del pensiero: Machiavelli, “Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio” Per Machiavelli il primum della politica non è il Principe ma l’uomo, ancorché condizionato da bisogni istintivi egoistici e brutali: buone leggi possono trasformare questa primordiale energia in virtù politica finalizzata al dominio di sé e del mondo. Chapter 11 talks about the idea that becoming friends with a Prince who has more reputation than force is not something that would go unnoticed. Registro degli Operatori della Comunicazione. "[64] Referring to when the Romans handled tumult the leaders of a divided city they had recently conquered (Ardea), Machiavelli believes that there are three possible ways to handle the leaders of rebellion within a held city: "...either to kill them, as they did; or to remove them from the city; or to make them make peace together under obligations not to offend one another. 12x19x(5+4) cm , Isbn 978-88-02-07262-3 "[70] If the leader of a republic is weak, then his republic will be weak. "[29], The topic for Chapter 7 summarizes the entire entry: "Whence it arises that changes from freedom to servitude and from servitude to freedom are some of them without blood, some of them full of it. "[78] Machiavelli believes that this stereotype first arose in Livy's writings; when the Romans did battle with the Gauls. It is also good for a soldier to have the desire to fight for personal pride and glory. Universale Bollati Boringhieri. Dangers are found in conspiracies at three times: before, in the deed, and after. [71] Machiavelli asserts that is necessary to have a strong military in order to have a state with "good laws or any other good thing thing [sic?]. Machiavelli frequently describes Romans and other ancient peoples as superior models for his contemporaries, but he also describes political greatness as something which comes and goes amongst peoples, in cycles. The choice of his detestable hero, Cesare Borgia, clearly enough shows his hidden aim; and the contradiction between the teaching of The Prince and that of the Discourses on Livy and the History of Florence shows that this profound political thinker has so far been studied only by superficial or corrupt readers. While dangerous wars had to be made, all the ambition of the other citizens ceased, and in the choice of commissioner and head of the armies he had no competitor..."[48], At the beginning of Chapter 17, Machiavelli asserts that "A republic ought to consider very much not putting someone over any important administration to whom any notable injury had been done by another. Autore: Niccolò Machiavelli Titolo: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio Sottotitolo: Dell'arte della guerra e altre opere: Edizione: UTET Libreria, Torino, 2006 [1999], Classici italiani , pag. Machiavelli explains that Livy stated that people are strong together, but weak when alone, citing the example of the Roman plebs. "[63] He raises the example of Lucretia, whose rape by Tarquin the Proud's son ultimately led the exile of the Tarquin family from Rome and destruction of the Roman monarchy. ), Opere di Niccolö Machiavelli (Milano, 1966) I. proemio (pp. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio vs Principe Opere in contrasto? Because they were divided among themselves and disunited, they brought back dishonor and not harm. [28] Failure to execute a conspiracy results only from the executor's own cowardice and lack of spirit. "[55] Machiavelli begins the chapter relating the story of "two excellent captains in Rome at one and the same time, Manlius Torquatus and Valerius Corvinus. Grazie ai volontari del Progetto Griffo è online (disponibile per il download gratuito) l'ePub Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio di Niccolò Machiavelli. Chapter 32 talks about how many modes the Romans seized towns. Thus, Book I examines a variety of issues that occur when creating a state, and looks at it with specific examples from Rome and other parts of Italy.[12]. "[77] Machiavelli writes that "since men judging things by the end, all the ill that results from it is attributed to the author of the counsel; and if good results from it, he is commended for it, but the reward by far does not counterbalance the harm. View Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. DISCORSI SOPRA LA PRIMA DECADE DI TITO LIVIO – Niccolò Machiavelli. "[15], Machiavelli begins Chapter 2 declaring that, "There was never anyone so prudent nor esteemed so wise for any eminent work of his than Junius Brutus deserves to be held in his simulation of stupidity. "[43] Machiavelli cites the example of Quintius, who "seeing one of the wings of his army bending, began to cry out loudly that it should stand steady because the other wing of the army was victorious, and—this word having given spirit to his men and terrified the enemy—he won. Language: italian. $0.99; $0.99; Publisher Description. He raises the example of Piero Soderini again, who "proceeded in all his affairs with humanity and patience. He continues, to say that after a weak prince a kingdom could not remain strong with another weak prince. "[19], The heading of Chapter 4 is, "A prince does not live secure in a principality while those who have been despoiled of it are living. IU-R discorsi sopra la prima deca di tito livio Machiavelli iniziò a scrivere i DISCORSI nel 1513. 1513) af den italienske forfatter og politisk teoretiker Niccolò Machiavelli. "[20] Tarquin's tyranny over the people of Rome would lead to his overthrow and incredibly negative status in Roman history. "[58] According to Machiavelli, "Titus Livy brings up these causes of the hatred: first, that he applied to the public the money that was drawn from the goods of the Veientes that were sold and did not divide it as booty; another, that in the triumph, he had his triumphal chariot pulled by four white horses, from which they said that because of his pride he wished to be equal to the sun; third, that he made a vow to Apollo the tenth part of the booty of the Veientes..."[59] When the people were denied their part of the loot, they rebelled against Camillus.[59]. Chapter 29 claims that fortune blinds the spirits of men when it does not wish them to oppose its plans. — P.I. "[14] Later on Machiavelli states that it is not preferable to have renewal carried out by an external force as "it is so dangerous that it is not in any way to be desired. A schoolmaster of the noblest children of the city ventured out and offered the children to the Roman camp. "[76] Machiavelli brings up the example of Titus Manlius who, upon rescuing his father, the "filial piety"[76] displayed inspired the people and led to Titus Manlius being put in second command of the tribunes of the legions. Also, allowing people to accuse other citizens is necessary in creating a republic, but calumnies, whispered allegations that cannot be proven or disproven in a court, are harmful because they cause mistrust and help create factionalism. IU-R. [50] Machiavelli relates the point of Chapter 19 to a moment in modern history; when, in 1498, Florence went to war with Venice and was able to predict the enemy army's movements and win the war. He complains that the Italian Renaissance has stimulated a desire to imitate the ancients in art, law, and medicine, but that no one thinks of imitating ancient kingdoms or republics. [79], In Chapter 37, Machiavelli wonders "Whether small battles are necessary before the main battle; and if one wishes to avoid them, what one ought to do to know a new enemy. "[25] Though any man can lead a conspiracy, only great men can perfectly execute it. If the Plebs had been wicked, they would have accepted Spurius's tyranny. [82], The topic of Chapter 39 is "That a captain ought to be a knower of sites. LIBRO PRIMO. 2. [87], In Chapter 45, Machiavelli wonders, "What the better policy is in battles, to resist the thrust of enemies and, having resisted it, to charge them; or indeed to assault them with fury from the first. parole . I discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio (1513-1518) Mentre il Principe è un'opera unitaria, i Discorsi già dal titolo suggeriscono l'idea di una serie di divagazioni, a partire da Ab Urbe Condita (della fondazione di Roma) dello storico latino Tito Livio. Chapter 10 talks about how the common opinion of money being the sinew of war is actually incorrect. He cites Romulus's murder of his own brother Remus and co-ruler Titus Tatius in order to gain power. They lived in Rome with like virtue, with like triumphs and glory, and each of them, in what pertained to the enemy, acquired it with like virtue; but in what belonged to the armies and to their dealings with the soldiers, they proceeded very diversely. English: The Discourses on Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, literally "Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livy") is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century (ca. "[36] He believes that these republics and princes are following the footsteps of Fabius Maximus, "who in deferring combat saved the state for the Romans. "[24] He asserts that "all conspiracies are made by great men of those very familiar to the prince. "[22] He cites the verdict of Cornelius Tacitus as someone everyone should fellow, as it says that "men have to honor past things and obey present ones; and they should desire good princes and tolerate them, however they may be made. Il principe: e discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio by Niccolò Machiavelli. Buy Il Principe: E Discorsi Sopra La Prima Deca Di Tito Livio... by Niccolò Machiavelli (ISBN: 9781276884839) from Amazon's Book Store. The title identifies the work's subject as the first ten books of Livy's Ab urbe condita,[1] which relate the expansion of Rome through the end of the Third Samnite War in 293 BCE, although Machiavelli discusses what can be learned from many other eras including contemporary politics. Chapter four lists the three modes of expanding that republics have taken. Discorsi Sopra La Prima Deca Di Tito Livio: Amazon.es: Machiavelli, Niccolo: Libros en idiomas extranjeros "[17] He is referring to the way in which Brutus removed the Tarquins from Rome "to live more securely and to maintain his patrimony..."[17] Machiavelli believes that "From his example all those who are discontented with a prince have to learn: they should first measure and first weigh their forces, and if they are so powerful that they can expose themselves as his enemies and make war on him openly, they should enter on this way, as less dangerous and more honorable. Hello, Sign in. In a similar manner, when Hannibal marched through Italy, many cities rebelled and followed him. More information: catdir.loc.gov; catdir.loc.gov "[83] Fraud in war means fooling the enemy. [51], In Chapter 19, Machiavelli states that "it appears in governing a multitude, it is better to be humane rather than proud, merciful rather than cruel. "[69], The heading for Chapter 31 states "Strong republics and excellent men retain the same spirit and their same dignity in every fortune. [89], Chapter 47 is incredibly short and can be summarized in its heading: "That a good citizen ought to forget private injuries for love of his fatherland. pociopocio Scritto il 23 Maggio 2020 9 Novembre 2020. Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio. When they could no longer field an army, they corrupted the duke of Milan and were able to regain any towns they had lost and part of the state of Ferrara. [2], Machiavelli notes that Rome's actions as recounted by Livy proceeded either by "public counsel" or by "private counsel," and that they concerned either things inside the city or things outside the city, yielding four possible combinations. "[62] He summarizes his own thoughts close to the end of the chapter: "In this text are several things to be noted. Chapter 8 discusses the cause why peoples leave their ancestral places and inundate the country of others. "[66] Machiavelli relates it to a moment in Roman history when there was considerable famine and the wealthy man Spurius Maelius planned to distribute grain to win over the favour of the Plebs. Machiavelli ranks then which rulers are most praiseworthy, the first of which being leaders who lead due to religion, then those who lead because they created a republic or kingdom. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. I Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio sono un'opera di Niccolò Machiavelli, frutto di una lunga elaborazione durata dal 1513 al 1519, anno di morte di uno dei due dedicatari dell'opera; in ogni caso, non si può escludere che una prima idea dell'opera possa risalire anche agli anni della segreteria a … Chapter 21 says the first praetor the Romans sent anyplace was to Capua, four hundred years after they began making war. [26] Machiavelli writes that when a conspiracy has been exposed, it takes a great man to surrender only himself and not his fellow conspirators. tutto esatto qualsiasi . Sfortunatamente, oggi, martedì, 15 dicembre 2020, la descrizione del libro Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio non è disponibile su piccoloatlantedellacorruzione.it. When the battle was over, he surrendered his power and returned to his small villa. "[21] It is in a prince's interests to rule well for "when men are governed well they do not seek or wish for any other freedom. "[80] Pondering this question, Machiavelli writes, "For I consider, on one side, that a good captain ought altogether to avoid working for anything that is of small moment and can produce bad effects on his army: for to begin a fight in which all one's force are not at work and all one's fortune is risked is a thing altogether rash...On the other side, I consider that when wise captains come up against a new enemy who is reputed, before they come to the main battle they are necessitated to make trial of such enemies with light fight for their soldiers..."[80], In Chapter 38, Machiavelli writes of "How a captain in whom his army can have confidence ought to be made. Machiavelli's next point is that "one ought to wish to acquire glory even when losing; and one has more glory in being conquered by force than through another inconvenience that has made you lose. Il principe è scritto di getto, nel corso di pochi mesi. Whoever takes up a tyranny and does not kill Brutus, and whoever makes a free state and does not kill the sons of Brutus, maintains himself for little time. In humanism: Machiavelli’s realism …public and private writings—especially the Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (1531; Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy)—he showed a marked preference for republican government, but in The Prince (1532) he developed, with apparent approval, a model of radical autocracy. he shows he does not go against the common good but against the ambitious few in the city, which has many times made campaigns and captures of towns easier. Rome benefited because the office of Dictator was written into the constitution so it could be exercised legitimately and then retired during the emergency. People were looking for good connections, and the prince who has a better reputation is better off than the one with better force. Faith and benevolence of men is what makes war what it is. Referring to the Roman Republic, Machiavelli begins Chapter 24 establishing that "...two things were the cause of the dissolution of that republic: one was the contentions that arose from Agrarian law; the other, the prolongation of commands. "[86] The nature of things in the present is not much different than it was in Livy's time. Questioning what mode a free state can be maintained in a corrupt city, he states that Rome had orders, which kept the citizens checked. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. In the preface to Book I, Machiavelli explains why he wrote the Discourse, noting that he brings new modes and orders—a dangerous task given the envy of men, but one motivated by the desire to work for the common benefit of humanity. Google Scholar "[49] He brings up the consul Claudius Nero, who "throughout the city he was spoken of indecently, not without great dishonor and indignation for him. Chapter 17 talks about how much artillery should be esteemed by armies in the present times, and whether the opinion universally held of it is true. He cites an example in modern Italy of when Giulio Belanti moved against Pandolfo Petrucci, tyrant of Sienna, after his daughter had been stolen to be made Pandolfo's wife. Skip to main content.sg. Hence the prince must take courage to use these extraordinary means when necessary, and should yet take care not to miss any chance which offers of establishing his cause with humanity, kindness, and rewards, not taking as an absolute rule what Machiavelli says, who was always extremely partial to extraordinary and violent methods. Livy additionally feels that the multitude is wiser than the one prince. Chapter 14 concerns "What effects new inventions that appear in the middle of the fight and new voices that are heard may produce. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, "Machiavellianism Come of Age? In Chapter 25. Moving on, he says that a republic has the opportunity to emerge as an empire, like Rome, or just maintain what it is. Towards the end of Book I, Machiavelli adds that great accidents that occur in a city usually come with some kind of sign. "[38] Machiavelli desires to talk about modern examples, however; he brings up when, in 1483, all the Italian states declared war on Venice. First, one sees that women have been causes of much ruin, and have done great harm to those who govern a city, and have caused many divisions in them. Chapter 21 is titled "Whence it arises that with a different mode of proceeding Hannibal produced those same effects in Italy as Scipio did in Spain. "[35] Machiavelli refers to those princes or republics who send out others to represent them in war as "effeminate. VANESSA P. IV B I Discorsi sono un’opera di Machiavelli datata tra il 1517 e il 1518, dedicata a Zanobi Buondelmonti e Cosimo Rucellai, due dei componenti del gruppo di intellettuali che si riuniva negli Orti Oricellari e di … "[14] According to Machiavelli, "this good emerges in republics either through the virtue of a man or through the virtue of an order. [92] Due to the expediency of this fix, and the fact that it was well received by the people of Rome, he gained the name "Maximus". "[16] Machiavelli then asserts that "this drawing back of republics toward their beginning arises also from the simple virtue of one man, without depending on any law law that stimulates you to any execution. The captain must esteemed of a quality that they trust in his prudence. There were many opinions equally distributed to both sides, and there is not final consensus on which had more of a cause, virtue or fortune. "[50] Close to the end of the Roman civil war between Brutus and Cassius and Marc Antony and Octavian, Brutus won the battle on his wing but Cassius believed that Brutus had actually lost. Cart Hello Select your address Best Sellers Today's Deals Electronics Gift Ideas … [65], The heading for Chapter 28 states that "One should be mindful of the works of citizens because many times underneath a merciful work a beginning of tyranny is concealed. This means that fate will take its toll on what men do and do not do. Contrassegno: è possibile pagare in Contrassegno solo se tutte le librerie nel Carrello accettano tale metodo. Spurius's hopes to win over the Plebs with gifts were dashed when they refused him, knowing that it would cost them their freedom. [31] Camillus was another man who misunderstood the Roman people. [77] He writes that while the Roman army had fury and virtue, the army of the Gauls only had fury, which, more often than not, lead them into embarrassing battles. Discorsi, an Italian word meaning "discourses", may refer to: . Condividi Condividi sui social network "[18], The heading for Chapter 3 states "That it is necessary to kill the sons of Brutus if one wishes to maintain a newly acquired freedom. [77], In Chapter 36, Machiavelli tackles "The causes why the French have been are still judged in fights at the beginning as more than men and later as less than women. "[13] Machiavelli admits that "all worldly things"[13] have a natural ending. Come Il Principe, anche quest'opera è ispirata dalla crisi politica degli Stati italiani e dal desiderio di comprenderne le ragioni, alla luce della storia della Repubblica romana, presentata da Machiavelli come il limite dell'ideale politico a cui occorre guardare. Also, he says that a Prince or republic should not deny citizens necessities. The modern examples of these kind men are few, but Machiavelli cites Livy's example of "the conspiracy made against Hieronymus, king of Syracuse, in which Theodorus, one of the conspirators, was taken and with great virtue concealed all the conspirators and accused the friends of the king". "[73] Machiavelli cites several examples from the Punic Wars. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Hello Select your address Best Sellers Today's Deals New Releases Electronics Books Customer Service Gift Ideas Home Computers Gift Cards Subscribe and save Coupons Sell He thinks that fraud makes it quicker and easier for a person to succeed, so force is not needed as much. This event was necessary "so that all the orders of the city might be regained and that it might be shown to that people that it was necessary not only to maintain religion and justice but also to esteem its good citizens and to take more account of their virtue than of these advantages that it appeared to them they lacked through their works. He is talking about how there should be no circumstances in which someone should believe another individual who has been kicked out of the country. Fortune acts similarly to the activity of gods, yet it is different in that it exists naturally and benefits those who demonstrate virtue. The Florentine rulers tried all 3 methods when handling the feuding houses of the city. [68] In Rome's early history, envy between great Romans led to a dysfunction in the army and failures in war. Machiavelli then tries to determine what type of government Rome was; he says it was a republic, mixing all three functional political systems together, which kept the violent tendencies of one another in check. "[14] In Machiavelli's opinion, the sacking of Rome was deserved since the Romans had lost sight of all the things their forefathers had told them to follow. "[32], Chapter 9 concerns "How one must vary with the times if one wishes always to have good fortune. Machiavelli justifies dedicating the Discourses to his two friends because they deserve to be princes, even if they lack principalities, and he criticizes the custom (which he had adopted in The Prince) of dedicating works to men who are princes but do not deserve to be. Machiavelli explains that if one wants to change a state they must keep some elements of the previous state. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (Taler omhandlende det første årti af Titus Livius eller Drøftelser af de første ti bøger hos Titus Livius) er et værk omhandlende politisk historie og filosofi skrevet i begyndelsen af det 16. århundrede (ca. The book then slightly shifts focus to discussing the reformation of a state. Responsibility: Niccolò Machiavelli ; translated with an introduction and notes by Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella. Claims that humility and pride are two separate things and do not go hand in hand. IL PRINCIPE e DISCORSI sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. "[47] Nicias was against the Athenian invasion of Sicily during the Peloponnesian War since he believed Athens was already on the verge of victory; the spectacular failure of the invasion changed the tide of the war. Perchè proprio lui? "[46] He continues with this point, referencing Nicias of Athens: "For while Athens was at peace, he knew that there were infinite citizens who wished to go ahead of him; but if war was made, he knew that no citizen would be superior or equal to him. This disunity resulted in Rome evolving into a Republic. Machiavelli states that "the most useful thing that may be ordered in a free way of life is that the citizens be kept poor. Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio. Jean-Jacques Rousseau considered the Discourses (as well as the Florentine Histories) to be more representative of Machiavelli's true philosophy: Machiavelli was a proper man and a good citizen; but, being attached to the court of the Medici, he could not help veiling his love of liberty in the midst of his country's oppression. Many different opinions are voiced in the chapter, and each has a valid argument to go along with it. Machiavelli concludes from the story that "Here it is to be considered with this true example how much more a humane act full of charity is sometimes able to do in the spirits of men than a ferocious and violent act..."[52]. "[44] Such actions would control the morale of the army. Secondo Ronald T. Ridley (1987), le citazioni liviane nei Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio – per quanto libere, adattate ai contesti e talvolta riprese a memoria – mostrano congruenze con la stampa parigina (per i tipi di Josse Bade di Asch) del 1511. [7] While Machiavelli believes that religion is absolutely necessary for maintaining a government, he also believes in the power and influence of fortune, without which the Roman government would have never broken from the cycle of government demonstrated by Polybius.